Preface
About GATE
GATE Syllabus 2017
Technical Section
Section I : Biotechnology
1. Biomolecules : Consti tuents of Li fe
Carbohydrates
Monosacchar ides
Di sacchardies
Pol ysacchar ides
Homopol ysacchar ides
Het eropolysacchar ides
L ipids
Fat t y Acids
Classi ficat ion of Lipids
Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
Der i ved Lipids
Amino Acids
General proper t ies of Amino Acids
Physi cal Proper t ies of Amino Acids
Chemical React ions of Amino Acids
Pept ides
Pr ot eins
Biological Impor tance or Biochemi cal
Funct ions
Classi fi cat ion of Proteins
Bond Relat ing to Protein St r ucture
St ruct ures of Pr oteins
Denaturat ion of Pr oteins
Ramachandran Plot
Nuclei c Acid
St ructure of Nuclei c Acid
Nucleosides and Nucleot ides
Classi ficat ion and Funct ions of Nucleic Acid
St ruct ure and Pr oper t ies of DNA
St ruct ure and Pr oper t ies of RNA
Vi tamins
Classi fi cat ion of Vi t amins
Vi tamin Li ke Compounds
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
2. Bi oener get i cs and Metabol i sm
Bioener get i cs
Thermodynami c Proper t ies
Law of Thermodynami cs
High Energy Compounds
Biologi cal Oxidat ion– Reduct ion React ions
Met abol i sm
Terminology of Metabol i sm
Catabol i sm of Carbohydrate
Gl ycol ysi s
Fates of Pyruvat es/Ferment at ion
TCA or Ci t r i c Acid Cycle
Elect ron Transpor t System
Oxidat i ve Phosphor ylat ion
Reoxidat ion of Cytosol i c NADH or
Shut t le System
The Enter -doudoroff Pathway
Modi fi cat ion of the Ci t r i c Acid Cycle :
Gl yoxylate Cycle
Pentose Phosphate Pathway of Glucose
Oxidat ion
Gl ycogen Catabol i sm
Cor i Cycle
Phot osynthesi s
Photochemi cal React ion (Light React ion)
iv)
Phot ophosphor ylat ion
Cal vin Cycle
C3 and C4 Plant s
Hat ch and Slack Cycle
CAM Plant s
CAM Cycle
Energy Relat ionship of Photosynt hesi s
Factor s Affect ing Photosynthesi s
Photorespi r at ion
Ni t rogen Fi xat ion and Assimi lat ion
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
3. Bi oph y si cal an d Bi och emi cal
Tech n i qu es
Mi cr oscopy
Light Mi croscopy or Compound Mi croscopy
Br ight Field Micr oscopy
Dar k Field Mi croscopy
Phase Cont rast Micr oscopy
Fluorescent Microscopy
Elect ron Microscopy
Transmission Elect ron Micr oscopy
Scanning Elect ron Mi croscopy
Cent r i fugat ion
Basi c pr inciples of Sedimentat ion
Anal yt i cal Cent r i fugat ion
Preparat ive Cent r i fugat ion
Di fferent ial Cent r i fugat ion
Densi t y Gradient Cent r i fugat ion
Dial ysi s and Molecular Fi l t rat ion
Chr omat ography
Pr inciples of Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography
Gel Permeat ion Chromatography
I on Exchange Chromatography
Affini t y Chromatography
Gas Liquid Chromatography
High Per formance Liquid Chromatography
Elect r ophor esi s
Pr inciples of Elect rophoresi s
Paper Elect rophoresis
Pol yacr ylamide Gel Elect rophoresi s
Agarose Gel Elect rophoresis
I soelect r ic Focusing
Two dimensional Gel Elect rophoresi s
Immunoelect r ophoresi s
Capi l lar y Elect rophor esis
Pul se-field Gel Elect rophoresis
Spect r oscopy
Beer -Lamber t Law
Color imeter
Ul t raviolet and Vi sible Spect roscopy
I nfrared Spect r oscopy
Fluorescent spect roscopy
Atomi c Spect roscopy
Mass Spect roscopy
Raman Spect roscopy
X-Ray Spect roscopy
Nuclear Magnet ic Resonance Spect roscopy
Elect ron Spin Resonance Spect roscopy
Opt i cal Rotator y Di sper sion and Ci r cular
Di chr oi sm
Autoradiography
Biochemi cal Test s : Amino Acids,
Carbohydrate and Lipids
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
4. Cel l Bi ol ogy
I nt roduct ion
Organi sat ion of Eukar yot i c Cel l
Plasma Lemma
Mechani sm of Solute Tr anspor t Across
Membr ane
Ci l ia and Flagel la
Gas Vesi cles
Endoplasmi c Ret i culum
Golgi Apparatus
Mi t ochondr ia
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Spher osome
Cent r iole
Nucleus
Cel l Growth and Cel l Di vi sion
Cel l Cycle
Stages of Cel l Cycle
Meiosi s and Reproduct i ve Cycle
Compar i son between Mi tosi s and Meiosi s
Cel l Signal ing
Cancer
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
5. Mi cr obi ol ogy
Prokar yotes : Phylogenet i c Over view
St ructure of Bacter ial Cel l
Bacter ial Cel l Envelope and Cel l Wal l
Synt hesi s
Bacter ial Movement and Chemotaxi s
Bacter ial Nut r i t ion and Growth
(v)
Bacter ial genome : Bacter ial Chromosome
and Plasmid
Recombinat ion and Gene Transfer
Exchange of Genet ic I nformat ion
Bacter ial Taxonomy
Gener al Featur e of Impor tant Bact er ial
Gr oup
Ar chaeobacter ia
Bact er ial toxins
Cont rol of Mi croorganisms
Appl i cat ions of Microorganisms :
Ant ibiot i cs
Vi ruses
St ructural Feat ures of Vi ruses
Classi ficat ion of Vi ruses
Fami l ies of Vi ruses of Human Di seases
Vi roids and Pr ions
Vi rus Mul t ipl icat ion
AIDS and HIV
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
6. Immu n ol ogy
Immune System
I nnate Immuni t y
Adapt i ve Immuni t y
Cel l s of the Immune System
Organs of Immune System and
thei r Funct ions
Ant igens
Gener al Proper t ies of Ant igen
B-cel l and T-cel l Epi topes
Superant igens
Hapt ens
Adjuvant s
Major Hi stocompatabi l i t y Complex and
Ant igen Processing & Presentat ion
Ant ibody St ructure, Funct ion and Diversity
T cel l s : Receptor s and Act i vat ion
B cel l s : Maturat ion and Act i vat ion
Pol yclonal Ant ibody
Monoclonal Ant ibody
Ant ibody Di ver si t y/Ant ibody Genes
Cytok ines
I nter fer on
Lymphok ines
Monok ines
Chemok ines
Molecules of the I nnate Immuni t y
Acute Phase Proteins
Hyper sensi t i ve React ions
I gE – Mediated Type I Hyper sensi t i vi t y:
Al ler gy
I gG and IgM – Mediated Type I I Hyper sensi t i vi t y
Immune - Complex Mediated Type I I I
Hyper sensi t i vi t y
Delayed - Type Type-IV Hyper sensi t i vi t y
Autoimmuni t y
Transplantat ion Immunology
Vaccines
Immunodefi ciency Di seases
Immunologi cal Techniques
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
7. Gen et i cs - I : Cl assi cal an d Pop u l at i on
Gen et i cs
Classi cal Genet i cs
Mendel and Hi s Wor k
Genet i c I nteract ion and Lethal Genes
Link age
Genet i c and Cytologi cal Mapping of
Chromosomes
Const ruct ion of a Linkage Map or Genet i c
Mapping
Chromosome, Physi cal or Cytologi cal
Mapping
Sex Linked I nher i tance
Sex Determinat ion
Quant i t at i ve I nher i tance
Ext ranuclear I nher i tance and Mater nal
Effect
Cytogenet i cs
Chromosomal Aber rat ions (Ploidy)
Populat ion Genet i cs
Hardy-Weinberg Pr inciple
Genes in Populat ions
– Objecti ve Quest ions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
8. Gen et i cs - I I : Mol ecu l ar Gen et i cs
Genome
Transposable Element s
Gene
Organi zat ion of Chr omat in
Chromosomes
Molecular St r ucture of DNA
Repeat ed DNA Sequence
DNA Repl i cat ion
Repl i cat ion Model
DNA Repai r
Ribonuclei c Acid (RNA)
Transcr ipt ion and Processing of RNA
Genet i c Code
(vi)
Protein Synthesi s
Post -Translat ional Processing of Pr otein
Regulat ion of Gene Expression
Gene Mutat ion
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
9. Adv an ced Bi ot ech n ol ogy
Recombinant DNA Technology
Gene Cloning
DNA and RNA Pur i fi cat ion
Enzyme Used in Genet ic Engineer ing
Cloning Vector for Prokar yotes
Cloning Vector for Eukar yotes
Select ion of Tr ansformed Cel l s
Recombinant Screening
I nt roduct ion of DNA into Host Cel l s
Pol ymer ase Chain React ion
Nucleic Acid Hybr idizat ion
Label ing of Nuclei c Acid
Blot t ing
DNA Librar y
Method of Clone I dent i ficat ion
Expression Vector
Mi cr oar rays
Si t e-di r ected Mut agenesi s
Genome Mapping
Plant Biotechnology
Cul ture Media
Cel l Cul ture
Cel lular Tot ipotency
Types of Cul ture
Somat i c Embr yogenesi s
Or ganogenesi s
Somaclonal Var iat ion and Gametoclonal
Var iat ion
Somat ic Hybr idi zat ion and Cybr idi zat ion
Appl i cat ions of Cel l and Tissue Cul ture
Transgenic Plant s
Transgeni c Plant : Appl icat ions
Animal Biotechnology
Animal Cel l Cul ture
Animal Cul ture Media
Appl i cat ions of Animal Ti ssue Cul ture
Transfect ion of Animal Cel l Lines
Transgenic Animals
Animal Cloning
Gene Therapy
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
10. Enzyme Science and Technology
I nt roduct ion
Classi fi cat ion of Enzymes
Mechani sm of Enzyme Act ion
Enzyme Kinet i cs
Enzyme I nhibi t ion
Mul t i subst rate React ions
Kinet i cs of Bi -Bi React ions
Al loster i c Enzymes
I soenzymes
Abzymes
Ribozymes
Lysozymes
Immobi l i zat ion of Enzymes
Appl i cat ions of Enzymes
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
11. Bi och emi cal En gi n eer i n g an d
Bi opr ocess Tech n ol ogy
Mi crobial Growth Kinet i cs
Bat ch Cul ture
Pi r t Equat ion
Cont inuous Cul ture
Media Formulat ions
Ster i l i zat ions
Media Ster i l i zat ion
Ai r Ster i l i zat ion
Design of a Fermenter s
Di fferent Types of Bioreactor s
Mass Tr ansfer
Molecular Di ffusion
Convect i ve Mass Tr ansfer
Factors Affecting Cellular Oxygen Demand
Aerat ion and Agi tat ion
Oxygen Requi rement and Suppl y
Determinat ion of KLA Values
Theor y of Mi xing
Fluid Rheology
Heat Tr ansfer
Scale-up
Downst ream Pr ocessing
Mater ial and Energy Balance
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
12. Bi oi n f or mat i cs
I nt roduct ion
Biologi cal Dat abase
Sequence Al ignment s
Sear ch Tool s
vii)
St ructure Al ignment s
Phylogenet ic Analysis
Bui lding of a Tree
Protein I dent i fi cat ion
Gene Predi ct ion
Pract i cal Exper iment s
Genomics
Mi cr oar rays
Prot eomics
Protein Microar rays
– Object i ve Questions
– Answer s
– Expl anat i ons
General Aptitude
Part I. Verbal Ability
1. En gl i sh Gr ammar
Er ror s in Use of Ar t icles
Use of ‘An’
Use of ‘A’
Use of ‘The’
Er ror s in Use of Nouns
Er ror s in Use of Pr onouns
Er ror s in Use of Preposi t ions
Preposi t ions of Time
Preposi t ions of Posi t ion
Preposi t ions of Di r ect ion
Other Uses of Preposi t ion
Words Fol lowed by Preposi t ions
Some Special Cases
Er ror s in Use of Conjunct ions
Er ror s in Subject – verb Agr eement
Er ror s in the Use of Tenses
Gerund & I nfini t i ve
Auxi l iar y Verbs
Er ror s in Use of Adject ives
Er ror s in Use of Adverbs
Some More Tips of Usage
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
2. Sen t en ce Compl et i on
What are Sentence Complet ion Problems?
Basi c St rategies for Sentence
Complet ion Problems
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
3. Sy n on yms
Some Impor tant Words Wi th Thei r
Synonyms
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
4. An t on yms
Plan t o Answer Antonym Quest ions
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
5. Reason i n g Abi l i t y
Verbal Reasoning
I . Ser ies Complet ion
I I . Analogy
I I I . Classi fi cat ion
IV. Coding-Decoding
V. Blood Relat ions
VI . Puzzle Test
VI I . Di rect ion Sense
VI I I . Logi cal Venn Diagrams
IX. Alphabet i cal Quibble
X. Number, Rank ing & Time Sequence
XI . Mat hemat i cal Operat ions
XI I . Logi cal Sequence of Words
XI I I . Deci sion Mak ing
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
Part II. Numerical Ability
1. Number s an d Al gebr a
Number s
HCF and LCM
(viii)
Progr essions
Averages, Mean, Mode and Median
Algebrai c Formulae and Thei r Appl i cat ion
Pol ynomials
I nequat ions
Quadr at ic Equat ion wi th Appl i cat ion to
I nequal i t ies
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
2. Per centage and I t s Appl i cat i ons
Per centage
Simple Interest and Compound I nterest
Profi t and Loss
Par tner ship
Stock s and Shares
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Question
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
3. Time an d Wor k
Time, Speed and Di stance
Races
Wor k
Pipes and Cisterns
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
4. Rat i o, Pr opor t i on and Mi xt ur es
Rat io
Propor t ion
Mi xtur es and Al l igat ions
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
5. Per mu t at i on s an d Combi n at i on s &
Pr obabi l i t y
Permutat ions and Combinat ion
Pr obabi l i t y
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
6. Mi scel l an eou s
Exer ci se – I
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Exer ci se – I I (Questions From GATE)
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
Engineering Mathematics
1. L i n ear Al gebr a
Det erminant s
Minor
Co-fact or
Algebra of Mat r i ces
Sub-mat r i x
Proper t ies of Mat r i x Addi t ion
Equal i t y of Two Mat r i ces
Transpose of a Mat r i x
I nver se of Mat r i x
Or thogonal Mat r i x
Rank of a Mat r i x
Cramer 's Rule
Eigen Values and Eigen Vect or s
Cayley-Hami l t on Theorem
Exer ci se
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
2. Cal cu l u s
Funct ions of Single Var iable
L’ Hospi tal ’s Rule
Cont inui t y and Di scont inui t y
Di fferent iabi l i t y
Funct ions of Two Var iables
(ix)
Comput ing the Der i vat i ve
Di ffer ent iat ion by Subst i t ut ion
Maxima and Minima of Funct ions
of Two Var iables
Some Standard I ntegrat ions
Defini te I ntegral
Mul t iple I ntegrals
Change of Order of I ntegr at ion
Tr iple I ntegrals
Four ier Ser ies
Convergence Ser ies
Ser ies
Vect or
Product of Two Vector s
Vector Cal culus
Di rect ional Der i vat ive
Di ver gence
Cur l
Exer ci se
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
3. Di f fer en t i al Equ at i on s
I . Ordinar y Di fferent ial Equat ion
Type I : Var iable Separat ion Form
Type I I : Linear Di fferent ial Equat ions
Type III : Homogeneous Differential Equations
Type IV : Exact Di fferent ial Equat ions
I ntegrat ing Factor s (I .F.)
Clai r aut 's Equat ion
Singular Solut ion
Par t i cular I nt egral
Method of Var iat ion of Parameter s
Cauchy’s Homogeneous L inear Equat ion
Euler -Cauchy Equat ions
Nonhomogeneous
I I . Par t ial Di fferent ial Equat ions
Wor k ing Procedure to Sol ve Pp + Qq = R
Wave Equat ions
Exer ci se
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer ical Type Questions
Answer s
Explanations
4. Pr obabi l i t y an d St at i st i cs
Pr obabi l i t y
Sampl ing
Condi t ional Probabi l i t y
Element s of Probabi l i t y
Dependent Event s
Law of Total Probabi l i t y
Measures of Cent ral Tendency
Measures of Di sper sion
Random Var iable
Probabi l i t y Di st r ibut ion
Cor r elat ion
Method of Cal culat ion (P)
Rank Cor relat ion
Regression Co-effi cient
Exer ci se
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
5. Numer i cal Met h ods
Algebrai c Equat ions
Pol ynomial Equat ions
Transcendental Equat ions
Methods of Sol ving Non-l inear Equat ions
Types of I ter at i ve Methods
Newton-Raphson Method
Order of Conver gence
Secant Method
Solut ion of Non-l inear Simul t aneous
Equat ions
Numer i cal I ntergrat ion
Exer ci se
– MCQ Type Questions
– Numer i cal Type Questions
Answer s
Expl anat i ons
Ch apt er -w i se Pr act i ce Qu est i on s
Mock Tests and Solved Paper
Mock Test 1
Mock Test 2
Mock Test 3
Solved Paper 2016
